• Jingfeng Zhang, Tian Zhang, RuiHua Wang, and Ting Wang.
• Department of Ultrasound, Baoji High-tech Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Mar 12; 100 (10): e24976e24976.

IntroductionQuadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is a peripheral nerve entrapment disease, which can be misdiagnosed in clinic. In the past, QSS was mainly diagnosed by clinical symptoms combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography (EMG), and arterial angiography. There are few reports on the diagnosis of QSS by musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) combined with clinical symptoms.Patient ConcernsA middle-aged female patient had posterolateral pain and numbness in her right shoulder for 2 months.DiagnosesAt first, she was diagnosed as suprascapular nerve entrapment, while EMG of suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve indicated that nerve conduction was normal. Then, MRI was performed, showing the shoulder had no abnormalities, and EMG and arterial angiography of upper limb showed no abnormalities too. Finally, she was diagnosed as QSS according to MSKUS and lidocaine block test.InterventionsTwo sealing treatments of axillary nerve block in quadrilateral space under the guidance of MSKUS were performed.OutcomesAfter 2 treatments, the pain and numbness in her shoulder disappeared, and her shoulder could move normally. There was no recurrence after 3 months of follow-up.ConclusionMSKUS is an effective method to diagnose QSS. It is fast, convenient and inexpensive, and is worth popularizing in clinic.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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