• Kamran Ahmed, Aoife N Keeling, Morkos Fakhry, Hutan Ashrafian, Rajesh Aggarwal, Peter A Naughton, Ara Darzi, Nicholas Cheshire, Thanos Athanasiou, and Mohammed Hamady.
• Department of Biosurgery & Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, 10th Fl, QEQM Bldg, St. Mary's Hospital Campus, Praed St., London, W2 1NY, England. k.ahmed@imperial.ac.uk <k.ahmed@imperial.ac.uk>
• J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010 Jan 1; 21 (1): 55-66.

AbstractTraining in endovascular intervention ultimately aims to produce interventionalists who demonstrate competence in technical skills. Herein, the authors investigate the rationale for simulation-based training by providing an overview of the psychological theories underpinning acquisition of technical skills, training and assessment history, recent advances in simulation technology, and a critical appraisal of their role in training and assessment in endovascular intervention. Simulators have potential for training and assessment and promise solution to many shortcomings of traditional 'apprenticeship' training models. Before inclusion into the curriculum, further work is needed regarding fidelity, validity, reliability, and design of simulators to ensure accurate transfer of acquired endovascular skills from simulator to patient.

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