• David M Murray, Luis F Ganoza, Ashley J Vargas, Erin M Ellis, Natasha K Oyedele, Sheri D Schully, and Charlene A Liggins.
• Office of Disease Prevention, Division of Program Coordination Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: david.murray2@nih.gov.
• Am J Prev Med. 2021 Jun 1; 60 (6): e261-e268.

IntroductionThis manuscript characterizes primary and secondary prevention research in humans and related methods research funded by NIH in 2012‒2019.MethodsThe NIH Office of Disease Prevention updated its prevention research taxonomy in 2019‒2020 and applied it to a sample of 14,523 new extramural projects awarded in 2012-2019. All projects were coded manually for rationale, exposures, outcomes, population focus, study design, and type of prevention research. All results are based on that manual coding.ResultsTaxonomy updates resulted in a slight increase, from an average of 16.7% to 17.6%, in the proportion of prevention research awards for 2012‒2017; there was a further increase to 20.7% in 2019. Most of the leading risk factors for death and disability in the U.S. were observed as an exposure or outcome in <5% of prevention research projects in 2019 (e.g., diet, 3.7%; tobacco, 3.9%; blood pressure, 2.8%; obesity, 4.4%). Analysis of existing data became more common (from 36% to 46.5%), whereas randomized interventions became less common (from 20.5% to 12.3%). Randomized interventions addressing a leading risk factor in a minority health or health disparities population were uncommon.ConclusionsThe number of new NIH awards classified as prevention research increased to 20.7% in 2019. New projects continued to focus on observational studies and secondary data analysis in 2018 and 2019. Additional research is needed to develop and test new interventions or develop methods for the dissemination of existing interventions, which address the leading risk factors, particularly in minority health and health disparities populations.Published by Elsevier Inc.

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