• F Garcia-Pereira.
• Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA. Electronic address: garciaf@ufl.edu.
• Vet. J. 2018 Dec 1; 242: 24-32.

AbstractEpidural anesthesia is a commonly performed technique in both human and veterinary medicine. The technique is relatively simple following appropriate training and provides anesthesia and analgesia for acute and chronic pain. Several drug combinations have been administered by this route with variable success and duration. Multiple techniques to guide or confirm correct epidural needle placement are discussed in this article, as well as anatomical features of the epidural space, effect of drug volume and concentration, and adverse effects of the technique in small animal practice. This article is not an exhaustive review of the literature, but an update of some new findings over the last decade.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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