• Zaid H Khoury and Valli Meeks.
• Department of Oncology & Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650W Baltimore St, 7th Floor North, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. Electronic address: khouryzh@umaryland.edu.
• J Natl Med Assoc. 2021 Aug 1; 113 (4): 449-456.

PurposeThis review aims to provide primary medical and dental healthcare professionals with the current state of information on the oral manifestations of HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) advancements.ResultsInfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of infectious, neoplastic, and immune-mediated oral complications that are regarded as a major constituent of this global epidemic. HIV-related oral manifestations have been subject to changes in their prevalence with the employment of ART, particularly in this period of enhanced patient accessibility to ART. Available antiretroviral medications (ARVs), the clinical presentation of common HIV-related oral manifestations, and patients and healthcare providers' perceptions are also discussed.ConclusionsScreening, diagnosing, and treating patients with HIV/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has improved drastically since the isolation and characterization of HIV. Oral manifestations have been acknowledged to correlate with treatment responses and disease progression. Healthcare providers should be familiar with HIV-related oral manifestations and comfortable in managing and referring patients with HIV/AIDS, they are also key stakeholders in facilitating the elimination of the stigma associated with the infection.Copyright © 2021 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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