• Preethi Guniganti, Sara Lewis, Ally Rosen, Sarah Connolly, Constantine Raptis, and Vincent Mellnick.
• Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY, 10065, USA. prg9018@med.cornell.edu.
• Abdom Radiol (NY). 2017 Feb 1; 42 (2): 403-422.

AbstractAnorectal disorders are a common cause of presentation to the emergency department (ED). While the most frequently encountered anorectal conditions, such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures, are relatively benign and do not require imaging for diagnosis or management, there are multiple potentially life threatening anorectal conditions for which imaging is an important component of evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Although computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly used imaging modality for evaluation of anorectal pathology in the ED, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in the detection, characterization and management of specific anorectal conditions. This pictorial essay will review the imaging anatomy of the anorectum, summarize imaging protocols, and discuss the clinical presentation, imaging appearance, and differential diagnosis of anorectal conditions that may present to the emergency department, including infectious, inflammatory, malignant and vascular conditions.

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