• Atsushi Kawaguchi, Angela Bates, Bonita E Lee, Steven Drews, and Daniel Garros.
• Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
• Acta Paediatr. 2018 Mar 1; 107 (3): 504-510.

AimTo describe the epidemiology of critically ill children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute respiratory disease. The association with intubation was analysed for the three most prevalent viruses and in those with and without viral co-infection.MethodsPatients admitted to the PICU (2004-2014) with acute respiratory disease were included. Analyses were performed utilising each respiratory viral infection or multiple viral infections as an exposure.ResultsThere were 1766 admissions with acute respiratory disease of which 1372 had respiratory virus testing and 748 had one or more viruses detected. The risk of intubation before or during the PICU stay was higher if parainfluenza virus was detected compared to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.06-4.56). Sixty-three admissions had two or more viruses detected, and the combination of RSV and Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common. No significant difference was observed in the risk of intubation between patients with multiple and single viral infections.ConclusionHigher risk of intubation was found in patients with parainfluenza as compared to RSV. The risk of intubation comparing parainfluenza virus to other viruses and for patients with multiple versus single virus needs to be further studied.©2017 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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