• Erik Soeren Halvard Hansen, Kristian Aasbjerg, Amalie Lykkemark Moeller, Elisabeth Juul Gade, Christian Torp-Pedersen, and Vibeke Backer.
• Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: eriksorenhalvardhansen@gmail.com.
• Chest. 2021 Jul 1; 160 (1): 45-52.

BackgroundHormone replacement therapy (HRT) is prescribed to millions of women worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that HRT has both protective and harmful effects in asthma.Research QuestionIs HRT in menopause associated with new development of asthma?Study Design And MethodsWe undertook a nested case-control study based on the Danish registers from June 1, 1995, through December 31, 2018. A diagnosis of asthma was defined as two redeemed prescriptions of inhaled corticosteroids within 2 years. HRT was defined as two redeemed prescriptions of female sex hormones within 6 months. Data were analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model.ResultsWe included 34,533 women with asthma vs 345,116 women without asthma between 40 and 65 years of age. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, household income, and educational level, active HRT resulted in a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.55-1.71; P < .001) of new asthma development. Women with asthma who terminated HRT were likely to discontinue their asthma treatment subsequently (HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.94-2.33; P < .001).InterpretationHRT seems to play a role in the development of asthma in mature women. Clinicians prescribing HRT and women receiving HRT should be aware that new airway symptoms can develop, and discontinuation of HRT should be considered.Copyright © 2021 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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