• Jan Gryczynski, Courtney D Nordeck, Christopher Welsh, Shannon G Mitchell, Kevin E O'Grady, and Robert P Schwartz.
• Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (J.G., C.D.N., S.G.M., R.P.S.).
• Ann. Intern. Med. 2021 Jul 1; 174 (7): 899909899-909.

BackgroundHospitalized patients with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) are at high risk for poor outcomes, including readmission and emergency department (ED) use.ObjectiveTo determine whether patient navigation services reduce hospital readmissions.DesignRandomized controlled trial comparing Navigation Services to Avoid Rehospitalization (NavSTAR) versus treatment as usual (TAU). (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02599818).SettingUrban academic hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, with an SUD consultation service.Participants400 hospitalized adults with comorbid SUD (opioid, cocaine, or alcohol).InterventionNavSTAR used proactive case management, advocacy, service linkage, and motivational support to resolve internal and external barriers to care and address SUD, medical, and basic needs for 3 months after discharge.MeasurementsData on inpatient readmissions (primary outcome) and ED visits for 12 months were obtained for all participants via the regional health information exchange. Entry into SUD treatment, substance use, and related outcomes were assessed at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.ResultsParticipants had high levels of acute care use: 69% had an inpatient readmission and 79% visited the ED over the 12-month observation period. Event rates per 1000 person-days were 6.05 (NavSTAR) versus 8.13 (TAU) for inpatient admissions (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.96]; P = 0.020) and 17.66 (NavSTAR) versus 27.85 (TAU) for ED visits (hazard ratio, 0.66 [CI, 0.49 to 0.89]; P = 0.006). Participants in the NavSTAR group were less likely to have an inpatient readmission within 30 days than those receiving TAU (15.5% vs. 30.0%; P < 0.001) and were more likely to enter community SUD treatment after discharge (P = 0.014; treatment entry within 3 months, 50.3% NavSTAR vs. 35.3% TAU).LimitationSingle-site trial, which limits generalizability.ConclusionPatient navigation reduced inpatient readmissions and ED visits in this clinically challenging sample of hospitalized patients with comorbid SUDs.Primary Funding SourceNational Institute on Drug Abuse.

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