• R Webster Crowley, Ashok R Asthagiri, Robert M Starke, Edie E Zusman, E Antonio Chiocca, Russell R Lonser, and Research Committee of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. Webster.crowley@bnaneuro.net
• Neurosurgery. 2012 Apr 1;70(4):1024-32.

BackgroundFactors during neurosurgical residency that are predictive of an academic career path and promotion have not been defined.ObjectiveTo determine factors associated with selecting and sustaining an academic career in neurosurgery by analyzing in-training factors for all graduates of American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited programs between 1985 and 1990.MethodsNeurological surgery residency graduates (between 1985 and 1990) from ACGME-approved training programs were analyzed to determine factors associated with choosing an academic career path and having academic success.ResultsInformation was available for 717 of the 720 (99%) neurological surgery resident training graduates (678 male, 39 female). One hundred thirty-eight graduates (19.3%) held full-time academic positions. One hundred seven (14.9%) were professors and 35 (4.9%) were department chairs/chiefs. An academic career path/success was associated with more total (5.1 vs 1.9; P < .001) and first-author publications (3.0 vs 1.0; P < .001) during residency. Promotion to professor or chair/chief was associated with more publications during residency (P < .001). Total publications and first-author publications were independent predictors of holding a current academic position and becoming professor or chair/chief. Although male trainees published more than female trainees (2.6 vs 0.9 publications; P < .004) during training, no significant sex difference was observed regarding current academic position. Program size (≥ 2 graduates a year; P = .02) was predictive of an academic career but not predictive of becoming professor or chair/chief (P > .05).ConclusionDefined in-training factors including number of total publications, number of first-author publications, and program size are predictive of residents choosing and succeeding in an academic career path.

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