• Danielle M Wesolowicz, Mark D Bishop, and Michael E Robinson.
• Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health.
• Pain Med. 2021 Oct 8; 22 (10): 2263-2275.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to capture day-to-day changes in pain intensity in individuals with low back pain (LBP), which may be indicative of patients' ability to modulate their pain levels. A secondary aim was to explore the presence of latent subgroups characterized by pain level, intraindividual pain variability, and change in pain over a 14-day period.SubjectsParticipants were 54 adults with self-reported LBP recruited from outpatient physical therapy clinics and the community.MethodsOver the course of 14 days, participants completed daily measures of pain intensity, catastrophizing, pain self-efficacy, and negative affect. Change in pain intensity as well as total amount of intraindividual pain variability were also calculated.ResultsDaily increases in maladaptive coping and affective responses (i.e., higher catastrophizing, higher negative affect, lower pain self-efficacy) were associated with increases in pain intensity. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three subgroups: 1) moderate pain intensity, moderate pain variability, increase in pain over time; 2) low pain intensity, low pain variability, no change in pain over time; and 3) moderate pain intensity, high pain variability, decrease in pain over time. Cluster 2 demonstrated more adaptive coping and affective responses at baseline and during the 14-day period, and clusters 1 and 3 did not differ in their coping or affective responses.ConclusionsThese findings provide support that day-to-day changes in pain, coping, and affective responses are meaningful and provide additional evidence of pain variability as a potential phenotypic characteristic.© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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