• Xin Li, Guang-Fu Song, Jia-Nan Yu, Si-Hui Ai, Qing Ji, Ying Peng, Xiao-Feng Zhu, and Ji-Guang Liu.
• Department of Neurology.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 9; 100 (14): e25208e25208.

AbstractMorphine dependence (MD) is a very common complication because of the chronic morphine consumption. Studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be used for the treatment of MD. However, there is still lacking evidence to support rTMS for MD. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of rTMS for patients with MD.In this retrosepctive study, a total of 100 patients with MD were included, and they were divided into a rTMS group (n = 50), and a control group (n = 50). All patients in both groups received occupational therapy. In addition, patients in the rTMS group received rTMS. All patients in both groups received a total of 8 weeks treatment. The outcomes comprised of morphine craving intensity, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, which were appraised by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. In addition, treatment-related adverse events were also considered for assessment.After 8 weeks treatment, patients in the rTMS group exerted better benefits in improving VAS (P < .01), SDS (P < .01), SAS (P < .01), and PSQI (P < .01), than patients in the control group. In addition, this study did not identify treatment-related adverse events in both groups.The findings of this study showed that rTMS treatment showed promising effectiveness on patients with MD. However, future studies should focus on warranting the present findings.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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