• Lucrezia Islam, Angelo Franzini, Giuseppe Messina, Silvio Scarone, and Orsola Gambini.
• Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan Medical School, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: lucrezia.islam@unimi.it.
• World Neurosurg. 2015 Apr 1;83(4):657-63.

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition defined by the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both. It has a lifetime prevalence of 2%-3% and causes significant impairment in social and work functioning, as well as a reduced quality of life. Treatment includes pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but a significant number of patients fail to respond to treatment. Deep brain stimulation has shown to be a safe and effective procedure for severe, chronic, treatment-resistant OCD, and several surgical targets have been proposed for treatment, including the nucleus accumbens, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the subthalamic nucleus, the globus pallidus, and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis.ObjectivesTo report the first Italian case series of patients who underwent DBS of 2 distinct targets for OCD: nulceus accumbens and bed nulceus of stria terminalis.MethodsFour patients underwent DBS of the nulceus accumbens, and 4 patients underwent DBS of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis.ResultsSix patients showed a significant improvement in OCD symptoms.ConclusionsDBS of these 2 structures is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of severe, refractory OCD.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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