• Cytokine · May 2021

    Prognostic bioindicators in severe COVID-19 patients.

    • L Bergantini, E Bargagli, M d'Alessandro, R M Refini, P Cameli, L Galasso, C Scapellato, F Montagnani, S Scolletta, F Franchi, S Valente, D Bennett, G Sebastiani, B Frediani, and F Dotta.
    • Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy. Electronic address: laurabergantini@gmail.com.
    • Cytokine. 2021 May 1; 141: 155455.

    BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome caused by novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. Here we evaluated a panel of biomarkers to phenotype patients and to define the role of immuno-inflammatory mediators as biomarkers of severity.Materials And MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 24 COVID-19 patients on admission to hospital, before any treatment or infusion of intravenous steroids or invasive ventilation. KL-6 IL-6 and C-peptide were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. IL-6 assay was validated for accuracy and precision. The validity of variables used to distinguish severe from mild-to-moderate patients was assessed by areas under curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression was performed to combine parameters of the two groups.ResultsIn the severe group, IL-6, CRP and KL-6 concentrations were significantly higher than in mild-to-moderate patients. KL-6, IL-6 and CRP concentrations were directly correlated with each other. ROC curve analysis of the logistic regression model including IL-6, KL-6 and CRP showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.95.ConclusionsBesides corroborating previous reports of over-expression of IL-6 in severe COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation, analytical determination of other mediators showed that IL-6 concentrations were correlated with those of KL-6 and CRP. The combination of these three prognostic bioindicators made it possible to distinguish severe COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis from mild-to-moderate patients.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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