• Farzaneh Ghaffari, Mohsen Naseri, Mina Movahhed, and Arman Zargaran.
• School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ghaffariinfo@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2015 Jul 1; 84 (1): 173-7.

AbstractSpinal Traumas have been categorized as disabling diseases that cause irretrievable personal and social problems. Having conducted a rather comprehensive diagnosis of the anatomy of the backbone and spinal cord as well as their functions, Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980-1037) stated the levels and kinds of spinal impairments that are caused by spinal traumas in his great masterpiece Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine). He also based his treatment process on his etiological diagnosis of such impairments. Avicenna had used the following methods to treat spinal traumas: food and drug therapy and regimental therapies such as massage, phlebotomy, cupping, dry sauna, and surgery. The authors of the present article review the bases of Avicenna's viewpoints regarding spinal traumas and their treatment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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