• Pediatric neurology · Dec 2013

    Acute cerebellitis following hemolytic streptococcal infection.

    • Hiromasa Uchizono, Tadashi Iwasa, Hidemi Toyoda, Yukitoshi Takahashi, and Yoshihiro Komada.
    • Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan.
    • Pediatr. Neurol. 2013 Dec 1; 49 (6): 497-500.

    BackgroundAcute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome in children, with either infectious or autoimmune etiologies.PatientWe describe a 7-year-old girl with a presentation of cerebellitis following group A streptococcal infection.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse symmetrical swelling and edema of the cerebellum resulting in compression of the fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus. Autoantibodies against glutamate receptor δ2 were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting that the cerebellum might be injured by postinfectious immunologic reaction. The most common causes of cerebellitis are acute viral infection, postinfection, and following vaccination. No examples of acute cerebellitis following group A streptococcal infection have been documented.ConclusionOur report demonstrates that group A streptococcal can lead to acute cerebellitis.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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