• Firzan Nainu, Rufika Shari Abidin, Muh Akbar Bahar, Andri Frediansyah, Talha Bin Emran, Ali A Rabaan, Kuldeep Dhama, and Harapan Harapan.
• Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University , 90245, Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia.
• Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Dec 1; 16 (12): 3061-3073.

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to constitute a public health emergency of international concern. Multiple vaccine candidates for COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have entered clinical trials. However, some evidence suggests that patients who have recovered from COVID-19 can be reinfected. For example, in China, two discharged COVID-19 patients who had recovered and fulfilled the discharge criteria for COVID-19 were retested positive to a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the virus. This finding is critical and could hamper COVID-19 vaccine development. This review offers literature-based evidence of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, provides explanation for the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection both from the agent and host points of view, and discusses its implication for COVID-19 vaccine development.

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