• Camila Rosat Consiglio, Nicola Cotugno, Fabian Sardh, Christian Pou, Donato Amodio, Lucie Rodriguez, Ziyang Tan, Sonia Zicari, Alessandra Ruggiero, Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci, Veronica Santilli, Tessa Campbell, Yenan Bryceson, Daniel Eriksson, Jun Wang, Alessandra Marchesi, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Andrea Campana, Alberto Villani, Paolo Rossi, CACTUS Study Team, Nils Landegren, Paolo Palma, and Petter Brodin.
• Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden.
• Cell. 2020 Nov 12; 183 (4): 968-981.e7.

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is typically very mild and often asymptomatic in children. A complication is the rare multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19, presenting 4-6 weeks after infection as high fever, organ dysfunction, and strongly elevated markers of inflammation. The pathogenesis is unclear but has overlapping features with Kawasaki disease suggestive of vasculitis and a likely autoimmune etiology. We apply systems-level analyses of blood immune cells, cytokines, and autoantibodies in healthy children, children with Kawasaki disease enrolled prior to COVID-19, children infected with SARS-CoV-2, and children presenting with MIS-C. We find that the inflammatory response in MIS-C differs from the cytokine storm of severe acute COVID-19, shares several features with Kawasaki disease, but also differs from this condition with respect to T cell subsets, interleukin (IL)-17A, and biomarkers associated with arterial damage. Finally, autoantibody profiling suggests multiple autoantibodies that could be involved in the pathogenesis of MIS-C.Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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