• Kurt Miller, Joan Carles, Jürgen E Gschwend, Hendrik Van Poppel, Joris Diels, and Sabine D Brookman-May.
• Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Kurt.Miller@charite.de.
• Eur. Urol. 2018 Jul 1; 74 (1): 17-23.

BackgroundIn the COU-AA-302 study (NCT00887198), abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) significantly improved outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) versus prednisone alone. Baseline clinical parameters predicting that treatment response could help inform clinical decisions were explored.ObjectiveTo identify patients who derive the greatest clinical benefit from AAP treatment.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsA total of 1088 mCRPC patients treated with either AAP or prednisone in the first-line setting in COU-AA-302 were included in this post hoc analysis.InterventionAbiraterone acetate1000mg daily versus placebo, both plus prednisone 10mg daily.Outcome Measurements And Statistical AnalysisUnivariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed, including clinical and pathological parameters for the primary end points overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and secondary study end points. Tumor-associated baseline parameters independently impacting OS were applied to stratify patients according to possible treatment effects.Results And LimitationsBaseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor-related pain as assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), and Gleason score (GS) at primary diagnosis were identified as tumor-associated variables that independently impacted OS. AAP significantly improved outcomes versus prednisone in both group 1 (BPI-SF 0-1 and PSA <80 ng/ml and GS <8; p=0.006; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61) and group 2 (BPI-SF 2-3 and/or PSA ≥80 ng/ml and/or GS ≥8; p=0.03; HR: 0.84). The differences observed for treatment effects between groups 1 and 2 for OS (HR: 0.61 vs 0.84), rPFS (HR: 0.41 vs 0.59), and time to chemotherapy (HR: 0.64 vs 0.71) were not statistically significant.ConclusionsAAP significantly improved outcomes in mCRPC patients compared with prednisone alone regardless of baseline pain and PSA level, and GS at primary diagnosis with no significant differences between observed treatment effects in groups 1 and 2.Patient SummaryTreatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (compared with treatment with prednisone only) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer increased survival in all patients in the study regardless of pain, prostate-specific antigen levels at the start of treatment, and Gleason score at primary diagnosis.Copyright © 2017 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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