• Jussi Onninen, Tarja Hakola, Sampsa Puttonen, Asko Tolvanen, Jussi Virkkala, and Mikael Sallinen.
• Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: jussi.onninen@jyu.fi.
• Appl Ergon. 2020 Oct 1; 88: 103153.

AbstractDriver sleepiness contributes to traffic accidents. However, sleepiness in urban public transport remains an understudied subject. To fill this gap, we examined the sleepiness, sleep, and on-duty sleepiness countermeasures (SCMs) in 23 tram drivers working morning, day, and evening shifts for three weeks. Sleepiness was measured using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Nocturnal total sleep time (TST) was measured with wrist actigraphy. SCMs and naps were self-reported with a smartphone application. Caffeine and napping were considered effective SCMs. Severe sleepiness (KSS ≥ 7) was observed in 22% of shifts with no differences between shift types. Rest breaks were associated with slight reductions in sleepiness. TST between days off averaged 7 h but was 1 h 33 min and 38 min shorter prior to morning and day shifts, respectively. The use of effective SCMs showed little variance between shift types. These results highlight the need for fatigue management in non-night-working tram drivers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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