• Anders Dahl, Kasper Iversen, Niels Tonder, Nis Hoest, Magnus Arpi, Morten Dalsgaard, Mahtab Chehri, Lars L Soerensen, Soren Fanoe, Soeren Junge, Ulla Hoest, Nana Valeur, Trine K Lauridsen, Emil Fosbol, Thomas Hoi-Hansen, and Niels E Bruun.
• Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: anders.dahl@regionh.dk.
• J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2019 Jul 16; 74 (2): 193-201.

BackgroundEnterococcus faecalis is the third most frequent cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Despite this, no systematic prospective echocardiography studies have examined the prevalence of IE in patients with E. faecalis bacteremia.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence of IE in patients with E. faecalis bacteremia. The secondary objective was to identify predictors of IE.MethodsFrom January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016, a prospective multicenter study was conducted with echocardiography in consecutive patients with E. faecalis bacteremia. Predictors of IE were assessed using multivariate logistic regression with backward elimination.ResultsA total of 344 patients with E. faecalis bacteremia were included, all examined using echocardiography, including transesophageal echocardiography in 74% of the cases. The patients had a mean age of 74.2 years, and 73.5% were men. Definite endocarditis was diagnosed in 90 patients, resulting in a prevalence of 26.1 ± 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]). Risk factors for IE were prosthetic heart valve (odds ratio [OR]: 3.93; 95% CI: 1.76 to 8.77; p = 0.001), community acquisition (OR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.74 to 6.46; p < 0.001), ≥3 positive blood culture bottles (OR: 3.69; 95% CI: 1.88 to 7.23; p < 0.001), unknown portal of entry (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.26 to 4.40; p = 0.007), monomicrobial bacteremia (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.23 to 6.05; p = 0.013), and immunosuppression (OR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.20 to 6.58; p = 0.017).ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of 26% definite IE in patients with E. faecalis bacteremia, suggesting that echocardiography should be considered in all patients with E. faecalis bacteremia.Copyright © 2019 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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