• Ian A Scott, Ruth E Hubbard, Carmel Crock, Thomas Campbell, and Michael Perera.
• Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• Intern Med J. 2021 Apr 1; 51 (4): 488-493.

AbstractHealthcare systems across the world are challenged with problems of misdiagnosis, non-beneficial care, unwarranted practice variation and inefficient or unsafe practice. In countering these shortcomings, clinicians must be able to think critically, interpret and assimilate new knowledge, deal with uncertainty and change behaviour in response to compelling new evidence. Three critical thinking skills underpin effective care: clinical reasoning, evidence-informed decision-making and systems thinking. It is important to define these skills explicitly, explain their rationales, describe methods of instruction and provide examples of optimal application. Educational methods for developing and refining these skills must be embedded within all levels of clinician training and continuing professional development.© 2021 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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