• Oluwaseun Olaide Jewoola, Ibidunni Oreoluwa Bode-Sojobi, Folasade T Ogunsola, and Patrick E Okonji.
• Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.
• Niger Postgrad Med J. 2020 Apr 1; 27 (2): 136-142.

ContextBowel carriage has been identified as the main reservoir of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and hospital-acquired infections. There are gaps in the knowledge of trends of these rates, which need to be filled for the development and implementation of hospital surveillance systems and antibiotic stewardship programmes in Nigeria.AimThis study investigated the carriage rates of ESBL-PE among 273 children admitted to the paediatric wards of a university teaching hospital, Nigeria, using a prospective cohort study design over a 6-month period.Settings And DesignThe study explored the role of new and transferred patients in introducing resistant strains of ESBLs into paediatric wards and how quickly paediatric patients that were previously free of resistant strains acquired these within the hospital environment.Materials And MethodsE-swabs (Copan Diagnostics, Italy) were used to obtain rectal samples from participants. Positive colonies were Gram stained and subcultured onto purity plates for further identification, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of identified ESBL-PE was obtained using a range of antibiotics.Statistical Analysis UsedData were analysed using SPSS statistics 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20). Statistical significance was determined using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. A logistic regression analysis was also conducted to identify independent risk factors for colonisation.ResultsThe findings showed that transferred patients contributed to the introduction of ESBLs into the hospital. Independent multivariate risk factors for colonisation of ESBL-PE were age >10-14 years, instrumentation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.2 [P < 0.05]) and sharing of thermometers (OR: 0.11 [P < 0.05]).ConclusionsThe carriage rate of ESBL-PE is high (25.3%) among children, and none-carriers may become colonised within 14 days of hospitalisation.

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