• Michail Alevizakos, Athanasios Kallias, Myrto Eleni Flokas, and Eleftherios Mylonakis.
• Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
• Transpl Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 1; 19 (4).

BackgroundExtended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) may cause severe infections, often preceded by ESBL-E gastrointestinal (GI) colonization.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature, investigating the prevalence of ESBL-E GI colonization in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients and the risk for subsequent ESBL-E infection. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases (to April 1, 2016) looking for studies that contained data on ESBL-E colonization among transplant patients.ResultsOf 341 non-duplicate citations, four studies reporting data on 1089 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Among them, the pooled prevalence for ESBL-E colonization was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5%-36%). Stratifying by transplant type, we identified an ESBL-E colonization rate of 17% (95% CI 3%-39%) among liver transplant recipients and 24% (single report) among kidney transplant recipients.ConclusionsAmong SOT patients, approximately one in five patients is colonized with ESBL-E, although this finding may be skewed by reporting bias from centers with high ESBL-E prevalence. ESBL-E screening in SOT patients should be considered and evaluated in future studies.© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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