• Sawsan Kurdi, Reem Albannay, Zahra Alsinan, and Ashraful Islam.
• Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 Jul 1; 75 (7): e14253.

BackgroundMedication adherence in chronic diseases patients is a worldwide concern. Not achieving the goal of treatments because of non-adherence will lead to more complications and eventually may lead to death. In Saudi Arabia, we have insufficient data for interpretation. Hence, this study aims to have a better perspective at the number of the non-adherent patients with chronic diseases to their medications and its associated factors.Material And MethodCross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among chronic diseases patients living in Saudi Arabia throughout social media and hospital visits from August 2018 to April 2019. A three-section questionnaire consists of patient's health, medications and adherence characteristics. Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale (ARMS) was used to identify the level of adherence among chronic diseases patients. Univariate descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test with one-way ANOVA were used as bivariate analysis. Finally, significant predictors of medical adherence with adjusted coefficient were determined by multivariable linear regression.ResultsA total of 385 patients were included in the analysis for the current study. Overall, 96.62% (n = 372) were non-adherent to their medications according to ARMS scale. Multiple linear regression model found types of co-morbidities, medication dosage form and dosage regimen to be independent predictors of medical adherence.ConclusionMedication adherence is alarmingly low among chronic disease patients in Saudi Arabia. There is a clear need for in-depth understanding for barriers. It is therefore important to conduct a qualitative study. What's known Medication adherence is a critical factor in treatment success. Low adherence to the medication is a common problem among chronic disease patients. Moreover, the majority of the studies in Saudi Arabia showed low adherence rate, and it focused in one single chronic disease only despite that patient may have more. What's new Most patients had more than one single chronic disease, so this study aims to take a snapshot to capture the adherence rate among patients who are suffering from chronic disease Saudi Arabia and its associated factors. This can help in understanding medication adherence behavior in clinical practice.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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