• Finn Sellebjerg, Lydia Royen, Soelberg Sørensen Per P Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Annette Bang Oturai, and Poul Erik Hyldgaard Jensen.
• Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Mult. Scler. 2019 Oct 1; 25 (11): 1444-1451.

BackgroundNeurofilament light chain (NFL) and chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may have prognostic value in clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).ObjectivesTo compare the prognostic value of CSF concentrations of NFL and CHI3L1 in newly diagnosed CIS and RRMS patients.MethodsNFL and CHI3L1 were measured in CSF in 177 newly diagnosed patients with CIS or RRMS who were followed clinically for a mean of 5.7 years.ResultsAt baseline CSF concentrations of NFL correlated with CSF concentrations of CHI3L1, relapses in the previous year, time from last relapse, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. CSF concentrations of NFL and CHI3L1 were both associated with increased relapse risk during the first 2 years in univariate analyses, but only the CSF concentration of NFL was independently associated with relapse risk in a multivariable analysis. There was no relationship between CSF concentrations of NFL or CHI3L1 and risk of conversion to secondary progressive MS or development of disability.ConclusionCSF concentrations of NFL are associated with 2-year relapse risk but not with disease progression or clinical worsening in newly diagnosed CIS and RRMS patients. This may be due to confounding by the effect of disease-modifying therapies.

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