• Joana Romeiro, Sílvia Caldeira, Vivienne Brady, Fiona Timmins, and Jenny Hall.
• Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal.
• J Clin Nurs. 2017 Dec 1; 26 (23-24): 3917-3935.

Aims And ObjectivesTo identify the spiritual aspects of patients experiencing infertility and seek a deeper and broader meaning of the involuntary childlessness experience.BackgroundInfertility can be the cause for a spiritual crisis among some couples. Those who endure this involuntary childlessness condition frequently experience contradictory feelings and needs. In this context, core aspects of spirituality such as meaning and purpose in life are often questioned.DesignA review and synthesis of qualitative empirical research was undertaken to seek a deeper understanding of the spiritual aspects of patients' experiences of infertility.MethodsAn aggregative synthesis was conducted according to Saini and Shlonsky (Systematic synthesis of qualitative research, 2012, Oxford University Press, Oxford), using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 26 studies included female, male and couples. Settings revealed interviewees in different infertility phases such as diagnosis, assisted reproductive technologies and following fertility treatments. Two main themes emerged: spiritual needs and spirituality as a coping resource for infertility.ConclusionInfertility affects the holistic existence of the couples. This adversity awakens spiritual needs along with unmet needs of parenthood. Coping strategies incorporating spirituality can enhance the ability of couples to overcome childlessness and suffering.Relevance To Clinical PracticeInfertile couples' experiences of infertility may offer an opportunity for spiritual care particularly related to the assessment of spiritual needs and the promotion of spiritual coping strategies. Effective holistic care should support couples in overcoming and finding meaning in this life and health condition.© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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