• Abdulgadir Bugdadi, Robin Sawaya, Khalid Bajunaid, Duaa Olwi, Alexander Winkler-Schwartz, Nicole Ledwos, Ibrahim Marwa, Ghusn Alsideiri, Abdulrahman Jafar Sabbagh, Fahad E Alotaibi, Gmaan Al-Zhrani, and Maestro Rolando Del RD Neurosurgical Simulation Research and Training Centre, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada..
• Neurosurgical Simulation Research and Training Centre, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukarramah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Abdulgadir.Bugdadi@mail.mcgill.ca.
• J Surg Educ. 2019 Jan 1; 76 (1): 262-273.

ObjectiveThe study objectives were to assess if surgical performance and subjective assessment of a virtual reality simulator platform was influenced by changing force feedback devices.DesignParticipants used the NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch) simulator to perform 5 practice scenarios and a realistic scenario involving subpial resection of a virtual reality brain tumor with simulated bleeding. The influence of force feedback was assessed by utilizing the Omni and Entact haptic systems. Tier 1, tier 2, and tier 2 advanced metrics were used to compare results. Operator subjective assessment of the haptic systems tested utilized seven Likert criteria (score 1 to 5).SettingThe study is carried out at the McGill Neurosurgical Simulation Research and Training Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada.ParticipantsSix expert operators in the utilization of the NeuroVR simulator platform.ResultsNo significant differences in surgical performance were found between the two haptic devices. Participants significantly preferred the Entact system on all 7 Likert criteria of subjective assessment.ConclusionsOur results show no statistical differences in virtual reality surgical performance utilizing the two bimanual haptic devices tested. Subjective assessments demonstrated that participants preferred the Entact system. Our results suggest that to maximize realism of the training experience educators employing virtual reality simulators may find it useful to assess expert opinion before choosing a force feedback device.Copyright © 2018 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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