• BMC anesthesiology · May 2017

    The pre-amputation pain and the postoperative deafferentation are the risk factors of phantom limb pain: a clinical survey in a sample of Chinese population.

    • Yan Yin, Lan Zhang, Hong Xiao, Chuan-Bing Wen, Yue-E Dai, Guang Yang, Yun-Xia Zuo, and Jin Liu.
    • Department of Pain management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
    • BMC Anesthesiol. 2017 May 26; 17 (1): 6969.

    BackgroundTo provide an overview of phantom limb pain (PLP) in China. This includes the prevalence of PLP and possible risk factors.MethodsIn a retrospective study, telephone interviews were conducted with 391 amputation patients who underwent extremity amputations at a tertiary hospital in China.ResultsPLP was found in 29% of the amputees. Pre-amputation pain (OR = 10.4, P = 0.002) and postoperative analgesia (OR = 4.9, P = 0.008) were identified as high-risk factors for PLP. 82.1% of PLP patients experienced pre-amputation pain. The average pain intensity of PLP was 5.1 ± 2.2, with 31.9% having severe intensity. The effects of PLP on the quality of the PLP patients were as follows: 7.8% of the patients had to limit their daily life and 29.0% of the patients had to limit their social activities. 17.3 and 25.7% of patients experienced depression and sleeping disorder respectively, while 18.9% had loss of interest and even 16.1% of PLP patients had attempted suicide. No effective treatments were found in 78.9% of these patients.ConclusionsPLP has markedly affected the lives of patients. Pre-amputation pain and postoperative epidural analgesia might be risk factors for the phantom limb pain after amputation. Prevention of pre-amputation pain and sudden post-amputation deafferentation should be recommended to the amputees.

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