• Yeon Joo Lee, Kyung-Jae Cho, Oyeon Kwon, Hyunho Park, Yeha Lee, Joon-Myoung Kwon, Jinsik Park, Jung Soo Kim, Man-Jong Lee, Ah Jin Kim, Ryoung-Eun Ko, Kyeongman Jeon, and You Hwan Jo.
• Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
• Resuscitation. 2021 Apr 22; 163: 788578-85.

BackgroundThe recently developed deep learning (DL)-based early warning score (DEWS) has shown potential in predicting deteriorating patients. We aimed to validate DEWS in multiple centres and compare the prediction, alarming and timeliness performance with the modified early warning score (MEWS) to identify patients at risk for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).Method/Research DesignThis retrospective cohort study included adult patients admitted to the general wards of five hospitals during a 12-month period. The occurrence of IHCA within 24 h of vital sign observation was the outcome of interest. We assessed the discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsThe study population consists of 173,368 patients (224 IHCAs). The predictive performance of DEWS was superior to that of MEWS in both the internal (AUROC: 0.860 vs. 0.754, respectively) and external (AUROC: 0.905 vs. 0.785, respectively) validation cohorts. At the same specificity, DEWS had a higher sensitivity than MEWS, and at the same sensitivity, DEWS reduced the mean alarm count by nearly half of MEWS. Additionally, DEWS was able to predict more IHCA patients in the 24-0.5 h before the outcome, and DEWS was reasonably calibrated.ConclusionOur study showed that DEWS was superior to MEWS in three key aspects (IHCA predictive, alarming, and timeliness performance). This study demonstrates the potential of DEWS as an effective, efficient screening tool in rapid response systems (RRSs) to identify high-risk patients.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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