• Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Jun 2014

    Pharmacokinetics of prophylactic cefazolin in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.

    • Mohammed H Elkomy, Pervez Sultan, David R Drover, Ekaterina Epshtein, Jeffery L Galinkin, and Brendan Carvalho.
    • Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
    • Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2014 Jun 1; 58 (6): 3504-13.

    AbstractThe objectives of this work were (i) to characterize the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and in their neonates; (ii) to assess cefazolin transplacental transmission; (iii) to evaluate the dosing and timing of preoperative, prophylactic administration of cefazolin to pregnant women; and (iv) to investigate the impact of maternal dosing on therapeutic duration and exposure in newborns. Twenty women received 1 g of cefazolin preoperatively. Plasma concentrations of total cefazolin were analyzed from maternal blood samples taken before, during, and after delivery; umbilical cord blood samples obtained at delivery; and neonatal blood samples collected 24 h after birth. The distribution volume of cefazolin was 9.44 liters. [corrected] The values for pre- and postdelivery clearance were 7.18 and 4.12 liters/h, respectively. Computer simulations revealed that the probability of maintaining free cefazolin concentrations in plasma above 8 mg/liter during scheduled caesarean surgery was <50% in the cord blood when cefazolin was administered in doses of <2 g or when it was administered <1 h before delivery. Therapeutic concentrations of cefazolin persisted in neonates >5 h after birth. Cefazolin clearance increases during pregnancy, and larger doses are recommended for surgical prophylaxis in pregnant women to obtain the same antibacterial effect as in nonpregnant patients. Cefazolin has a longer half-life in neonates than in adults. Maternal administration of up to 2 g of cefazolin is effective and produces exposure within clinically approved limits in neonates.Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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