• J Ethnopharmacol · Oct 2011

    Ginkgolide B reduces neuronal cell apoptosis in the hemorrhagic rat brain: possible involvement of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.

    • Yue-Yu Hu, Man Huang, Xiao-Qiao Dong, Qiu-Ping Xu, Wen-Hua Yu, and Zu-Yong Zhang.
    • Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
    • J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 11; 137 (3): 1462-8.

    Ethnopharmacological RelevanceGinkgolide B (GB) is one of the ginkgolides that have been isolated from leaves and root bark of the Chinese tree Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), and is a specific and potent antagonist of platelet activating factor. There is a large body of data showing that GB possesses a markedly neuroprotective property against ischemia-induced impairment in vivo and in vitro. Recently it has been found that GB can inhibit the inflammation in the rat brain tissues with ischemia/reperfusion injury and in the astrocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide, as well as protect neurons against beta-amyloid 25-35 and ischemia-induced apoptosis. However, there have been few reports on the influence of GB on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal GB on neuronal cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway after ICH.Materials And MethodsWistar rats obtained an intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10 and 20mg/kg GB after ICH once a day till day 5. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation at hour 2, 6 and 12, as well as day 1, 2, 3 and 5 after ICH. Gene expressions of TLR-4 and NF-κB, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as number of apoptotic neuronal cells in hemorrhagic rat brain tissues were determined.ResultsThe administration of 10 and 20mg/kg GB could significantly suppress gene expressions of TLR-4 and NF-κB, lessen concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as reduce number of apoptotic neuronal cells in hemorrhagic rat brain tissues by Least-significant Difference test (P<0.05), but the administration of 5mg/kg GB not (P>0.05). However, a clear concentration-response relationship was not found.ConclusionsGB may inhibit TLR4/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses, and furthermore lessen neuronal cell apoptosis after ICH, which may support the use of G. biloba extracts for the treatment of ICH.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

      Pubmed     Full text   Copy Citation     Plaintext  

      Add institutional full text...

    Notes

     
    Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?
    300 characters remaining
    help        
    You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
    • Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as *italics*, _underline_ or **bold**.
    • Superscript can be denoted by <sup>text</sup> and subscript <sub>text</sub>.
    • Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines 1. 2. 3., hyphens - or asterisks *.
    • Links can be included with: [my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
    • Images can be included with: ![alt text](https://bestmedicaljournal.com/study_graph.jpg "Image Title Text")
    • For footnotes use [^1](This is a footnote.) inline.
    • Or use an inline reference [^1] to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document [^1]: This is a long footnote..

    hide…