• Wagenvoort Gertjan H J GH Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. Electronic address: wagenvoort@gmail.com., Elisabeth A M Sanders, Bart J Vlaminckx, Karin E Elberse, Hester E de Melker, Arie van der Ende, and Mirjam J Knol.
• Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. Electronic address: wagenvoort@gmail.com.
• Vaccine. 2016 Feb 17; 34 (8): 1077-85.

BackgroundImplementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the Dutch national immunization program for infants led to a shift from vaccine to non-vaccine serotypes in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in all age groups. We studied the impact of the serotype shift on clinical syndromes and outcomes.MethodsPneumococcal isolates from hospitalized IPD patients obtained from nine sentinel microbiology laboratories, covering 25% of the Dutch population, were serotyped. Clinical syndromes, outcomes and patient characteristics in the post-PCV7 (2008-2012) period were compared with the pre-PCV7 period (2004-2006). Serotype specific propensity of the association with empyema, meningitis and death was calculated.ResultsInvasive pneumonia incidence significantly decreased in children <5 years and elderly ≥65 years, but increased in 5-64 years old from 4.92 to 5.58 cases/100.000/year (RR 1.13 95% CI 0.99-1.29). Empyema incidence significantly increased in elderly 65 years and older from 0.61 to 2.60 cases/100.000/year (RR 4.28 95% CI 1.97-9.33), mainly due to serotype 1. The incidence of meningitis only declined significantly in children <5 years. IPD case-fatality decreased in children <5 years from 5% to 3%, in 5-64 years old from 9% to 7% and in elderly ≥65 years significantly from 22% to 17%, due to lower case-fatality rates for most emerging non-PCV7 serotypes.ConclusionsAn increase in empyema incidence was observed in persons ≥65 years old in the post-PCV7 era, mainly due to the emergence of serotype 1, although overall IPD case-fatality decreased. Extended conjugate vaccines that target serotype 1 or serotypes with high case-fatality may offer further reduction of pneumococcal disease burden.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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