• Fabian Schuh, André L Mihaljevic, Pascal Probst, Maxwell T Trudeau, Philip C Müller, Giovanni Marchegiani, Marc G Besselink, Faik Uzunoglu, Jakob R Izbicki, Massimo Falconi, CastilloCarlos Fernandez-DelCFMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA., Mustapha Adham, Kaspar Z'graggen, Helmut Friess, Jens Werner, Jürgen Weitz, Oliver Strobel, Thilo Hackert, Dejan Radenkovic, Dezso Kelemen, Christopher Wolfgang, Y I Miao, Shailesh V Shrikhande, Keith D Lillemoe, Christos Dervenis, Claudio Bassi, John P Neoptolemos, Markus K Diener, Charles M Vollmer, and Markus W Büchler.
• Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
• Ann. Surg. 2023 Mar 1; 277 (3): e597e608e597-e608.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a classification system for pancreas-associated risk factors in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).Summary Background DataPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most relevant PD-associated complication. A simple standardized surgical reporting system based on pancreas-associated risk factors is lacking.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies investigating clinically relevant (CR) POPF (CR-POPF) and pancreas-associated risk factors after PD. A meta-analysis of CR-POPF rate for texture of the pancreas (soft vs not-soft) and main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Based on the results, the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) proposes the following classification: A, not-soft (hard) texture and MPD >3 mm; B, not-soft (hard) texture and MPD ≤3 mm; C, soft texture and MPD >3 mm; D, soft texture and MPD ≤3 mm. The classification was evaluated in a multi-institutional, international cohort.ResultsOf the 2917 articles identified, 108 studies were included in the analyses. Soft pancreatic texture was significantly associated with the development of CR-POPF [odds ratio (OR) 4.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.67-4.89, P < 0.01) following PD. Similarly, MPD diameter ≤3 mm significantly increased CR-POPF risk compared with >3 mm diameter MPDs (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.62-5.12, P < 0.01). The proposed 4-stage system was confirmed in an independent cohort of 5533 patients with CR-POPF rates of 3.5%, 6.2%, 16.6%, and 23.2% for type A-D, respectively ( P < 0.001).ConclusionFor future pancreatic surgical outcomes studies, the ISGPS recommends reporting these risk factors according to the proposed classification system for better comparability of results.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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