• Lisa M Kodadek, Muneera R Kapadia, Navin R Changoor, Dunn Kelli Bullard KB Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., Chandrakanth Are, Jacob A Greenberg, Rebecca M Minter, Timothy M Pawlik, and Adil H Haider.
• Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
• Surgery. 2016 Dec 1; 160 (6): 1456-1465.

BackgroundThe advancement of surgical science relies on educating new generations of surgeon-scientists. Career development awards (K Awards) from the National Institutes of Health, often considered a marker of early academic success, are one way physician-scientists may foster skills through a mentored research experience. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to understand institutional support and other factors leading to a K Award.MethodsA national, qualitative study was conducted with academic surgeons. Participants included 15 K Awardees and 12 surgery department Chairs. Purposive sampling ensured a diverse range of experiences. Semistructured, in-depth telephone interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and 2 reviewers analyzed the transcripts using Grounded Theory methodology.ResultsParticipants described individual and institutional factors contributing to success. K Awardees cited personal factors such as perseverance and team leadership skills. Chairs described the K Awardee as an institutional "investment" requiring protected time for research, financial support, and mentorship. Both K Awardees and Chairs identified a number of challenges unique to the surgeon-scientist, including financial strains and competing clinical demands.ConclusionInstitutional support for surgeons pursuing K Awards is a complex investment with significant initial costs to the department. Chairs act as stewards of institutional resources and support those surgeon-scientists most likely to be successful. Although the K Award pathway is one way to develop surgeon-scientists, financial burdens and challenges may limit its usefulness. These findings, however, may better prepare young surgeons to develop career plans and identify new mechanisms for academic productivity.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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