• Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Leticia Torres-Ibarra, Aurelio Cruz-Valdez, Jorge Salmerón, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Javier Prado-Galbarro, Margaret Stanley, Nubia Muñoz, Rolando Herrero, and Mauricio Hernández-Ávila.
• Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico.
• J. Infect. Dis. 2019 Jan 1; 219 (1): 41-49.

BackgroundThere are limited data regarding the duration of immunity induced by different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedules and the immunogenicity of a booster dose of both bivalent HPV vaccine (bHPV) or quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV).MethodsFollow-up of a nonrandomized clinical trial to evaluate the 5-year antibody persistence of the bHPV in girls (age, 9-10 years) and women (age, 18-24 years). Noninferiority of the 2-dose versus 3-dose schedule among girls was evaluated at months 54 (n = 639) and 64 (n = 990). Girls vaccinated with a 2-dose schedule of bHPV or qHPV received a booster dose of either vaccine at month 61. Immunogenicity was measured using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) for HPV16/18 were estimated after stratification by vaccination schedule and age group.ResultsAt months 54 and 64, the 2-dose schedule remained noninferior to the 3-dose schedule. GMTs remained above natural infection levels across all age groups up to 64 months. After the booster, anti-HPV16/18 GMTs increased exponentially with the same pattern, regardless of vaccine administered. No safety concerns were identified with the booster dose.ConclusionsA 2-dose schedule is highly immunogenic in girls, suggesting a high immune memory. Thus, a booster dose is likely to be unprofitable, considering the low global immunization coverage.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT01717118.

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