• Yasin Yitgin, Selcuk Erdem, Murat Serilmez, Derya Duranyıldız, Samed Verep, Kamranbay Gasimov, Tzevat Tefik, Oner Sanli, and Faruk Ozcan.
• Depatment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 Aug 1; 75 (8): e14277.

IntroductionMatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has a role in the destruction of lamina propria (LP) of the bladder wall and SMAD-2 promotes cell-to-cell adhesion. This study aimed to investigate the association between LP invasion and serum protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 and SMAD-2 in bladder cancer (BC) patients.MethodsSerum samples were taken from 57 patients with suspicious BC before TUR-BT (Group 1) and 20 patients with benign diseases as control (Group 2). The mRNA expression and serum protein levels of MMP-9 and SMAD-2 were analyzed using Real-Time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. The comparison of protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 and SMAD-2 were done statistically between Group 1 and 2, as well as for different T stages of BC.ResultsThe protein levels of MMP-9 (2448 vs 637.5 pg/mL, P = .0001) and SMAD-2 (6.85 vs 1.61 P = .0001) were significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2. The mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 (P = .89) and SMAD-2 (P = .99) did not significantly differ between the groups. The protein levels of MMP-9 in T1 patients were significantly higher from both of pTa patients (P = .018) and pT2 (P = .02). The protein levels of SMAD-2 were not statistically different between T stages. Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 and SMAD-2 were not different between T stages.ConclusionsThe protein levels of MMP-9 and SMAD-2 were increased in BC patients while mRNA expressions were not different. Furthermore, the increased protein level of MMP-9 in T1 patients was more pronounced which may be related to LP invasion of the tumor.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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