• David M Fisher, Gregory H Borschel, Christine G Curtis, and Howard M Clarke.
• Toronto, Ontario, Canada From the Division of Plastic Surgery and Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Rehabilitation Services, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto.
• Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007 Nov 1; 120 (6): 1585-1590.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to answer two questions. First, are there obstetrical brachial plexus palsy patients with no elbow flexion at 3 months who go on to recover useful upper extremity function without surgical intervention? Second, are there patients with evidence of elbow flexion at 3 months who do benefit from brachial plexus reconstruction?MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed a sample drawn from 253 consecutive patients at The Hospital for Sick Children obstetrical brachial plexus database from 1993 to 1996. Inclusion criteria were examination at age 3 months and either complete spontaneous recovery or repeated examination after age 3 years. Two hundred nine patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Patients were distributed into four groups: group A, no elbow flexion at age 3 months (operative management); group B, elbow flexion present at 3 months (operative management); group C, no elbow flexion at age 3 months (nonoperative management); and group D, elbow flexion present at 3 months (nonoperative management).ResultsGroups A, B, and C showed significant intragroup improvements in both elbow flexion (p < 0.0001) and total limb motion scores (the sum of 15 individual joint motions) (p < 0.0001) with time. No differences were noted among groups A, B, and C for either elbow flexion or total limb motion scores at final follow-up.ConclusionsEarly elbow flexion alone is not a sufficient criterion to recommend a nonoperative approach. In addition, spontaneous recovery of useful upper extremity function has been observed in a carefully selected subset of patients without elbow flexion at 3 months.

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