• Pedro Marcos Silva E Gonçalves, Alexandra de Vasconcelos Vieira, Claudia Helena Ribeiro da Silva, and Renato Santiago Gomez.
• Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Cirurgia e à Oftalmologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Electronic address: pedro.marcoss@yahoo.com.br.
• Braz J Anesthesiol. 2021 Jan 1; 71 (1): 38-43.

Introduction And ObjectivesThe use of neuromuscular blockers during surgery represented a landmark for anesthesiology. However, their use can prompt residual Neuromuscular Blockade (RNMB) and objective monitoring of neuromuscular function is crucial to warrant the recovery of muscle strength. The present study aimed to estimate the incidence of RNMB and late Neuromuscular Blockade (LNMB) at the Post-Anesthetic Recovery Unit (PACU).MethodThe study included 85 patients, 43 of which received cisatracurium and 42 of which, rocuronium. The depth of the Neuromuscular Blockade (NMB) was assessed by Train Of Four (TOF). NMB reversal was performed with the administration of neostigmine and atropine.RNMB was defined when a patient presented TOF below 90% at the PACU.ResultsRNMB at the PACU was diagnosed in 39.5% and 40.5% of the patients receiving cisatracurium and rocuronium, respectively (p = 1.0). LNMB at the PACU was found in 32.6% and 16.7% of the patients receiving cisatracurium and rocuronium, respectively (p = 0.131).ConclusionsThe incidence ofRNMB remains significant despite the use of intermediate-acting neuromuscular blockers and reversal agents. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of RNMB or LNMB in patients receiving cisatracurium or rocuronium. The use of objective NMB monitoring is effective for the diagnosis of RNMB, as well as for treatment management.Copyright © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

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