• R R Richards, J P Waddell, and A R Hudson.
• Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1985 Sep 1 (198): 250-8.

AbstractIn 14 adult patients with brachial plexus injuries, shoulder arthrodesis was completed in a position of 30 degrees abduction, 30 degrees flexion, and 30 degrees internal rotation. Abduction was measured by the position of the arm in relation to the side of the body with the scapula in the anatomic position. Internal fixation was used in each case. Six patients had had Steindler procedures. Three patients with complete paralysis were treated by above-elbow amputation. All shoulders fused. Mean follow-up time was 32 months. All patients noted that shoulder fusion had improved the function of their extremities. Minimum shoulder motion was 60 degrees abduction and 50 degrees flexion. Three procedures failed because of continued pain that was not relieved by surgery. One patient with an elbow flexion contracture disliked the combination of shoulder and elbow flexion. Seven patients required plate removal. Only one of the three patients who had had above-elbow amputation became a good prosthetic user. Shoulder arthrodesis is a reliable procedure that improves function in adult patients with brachial plexus palsy.

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