• Matthieu Jabaudon, Raiko Blondonnet, Jules Audard, Marianne Fournet, Thomas Godet, Vincent Sapin, and Jean-Michel Constantin.
• Department of perioperative medicine, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm U1103, GReD, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France. Electronic address: mjabaudon@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
• Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2018 Jun 1; 37 (3): 251-258.

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is heterogeneous by definition and patient response varies depending on underlying biology and their severity of illness. Although ARDS subtypes have been identified with different prognoses in past studies, the concept of phenotypes or endotypes does not extend to the clinical definition of ARDS. This has possibly hampered the development of therapeutic interventions that target select biological mechanisms of ARDS. Recently, a major advance may have been achieved as it may now be possible to identify ARDS subtypes that may confer different responses to therapy. The aim of personalised medicine is to identify, select, and test therapies that are most likely to be associated with a favourable outcome in a specific patient. Several promising approaches to ARDS subtypes capable of predicting therapeutic response, and not just prognosis, are highlighted in this perspective paper. An overview is also provided of current and future directions regarding the provision of personalised ARDS medicine. The importance of delivering the right care, at the right time, to the right patient, is emphasised.Copyright © 2018 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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