• Tim Cutfield, Lydia Mowlem, Jennifer Paynter, Timothy Christmas, Adrian Harrison, Christopher Lewis, Sandra Newton, and Mitzi Nisbet.
• Department of Infectious Disease, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
• Intern Med J. 2022 Aug 1; 52 (8): 1381-1386.

BackgroundNew Zealand has a low burden of tuberculosis; however, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) still represents a challenge for clinicians. This is the first description of clinical aspects of MDR-TB in New Zealand.AimsTo evaluate the treatment and outcomes of patients with MDR-TB disease in Auckland. Secondary aims were to review the incidence and clinical characteristics of MDR-TB disease.MethodsClinical data were obtained for patients treated for MDR-TB at Auckland District Health Board (ADHB).ResultsThere were 60 patients nationally with MDR-TB between 1989 and 2018; 41 (69%) of 60 patients received care at ADHB. Pulmonary infection was present in 36 (88%) of 41 patients, with 19 (46%) of 41 patients with smear-positive sputum (smear 1-2+ in 6/41, 15%; smear 3-4+ in 13/41, 32%). The median duration of treatment was 22 months (range 7.5-26) for 18 (44%) of 41 patients who completed MDR-TB treatment by August 2018. The median duration of amikacin treatment was 6 months (range 2-12) for the 23 (61%) of 38 patients in whom these data were available. All 38 patients who received treatment for MDR-TB experienced adverse effects, most commonly gastrointestinal (66%), neurological (50%), ototoxicity (47%) and psychiatric (37%). Complications of intravenous access were experienced by 10 (27%) of 37 patients. Of the 19 (46%) of 41 patients who completed treatment, 18 (95%) achieved cure. There was one case who had recurrence because of inadequate treatment, and one case who had spontaneous resolution without treatment. Seventeen (41%) patients left Auckland prior to completion of treatment, mostly to return to their country of origin (15/17, 88%).ConclusionMDR-TB is uncommon in New Zealand. Treatment is frequently associated with adverse events; however, rates of cure for people completing treatment in New Zealand are high.© 2021 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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