• Sun Jae Won, Byung-Jo Kim, Kyung Seok Park, Joon Shik Yoon, and Hyuk Choi.
• Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
• Muscle Nerve. 2013 Jun 1; 47 (6): 864-71.

IntroductionThe aims of this study were to identify factors affecting the measurement of nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) and to establish normal reference values for nerve ultrasonography of the upper extremity.MethodsNinety-seven age-matched, healthy individuals were enrolled. Ultrasonographic tests were performed by tracing nerves from the axilla to the distal arm. CSA was measured at the following locations: median nerve (carpal tunnel inlet, forearm, antecubital fossa, midhumerus); ulnar nerve (wrist, 2 cm proximal to the wrist, forearm, cubital tunnel outlet and inlet, midhumerus); radial nerve (spiral groove, antecubital fossa); and musculocutaneous nerve (proximal humerus).ResultsThe CSA reference values differed between the measured points along the path of each nerve. Nerve CSA correlated significantly with weight, body mass index, height, and gender; however, the CSA ratio (distal/proximal) did not correlate with demographic factors.ConclusionsThe normal reference values may be helpful in diagnosis of pathologies involving these nerves.Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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