• Emily F Boss, John K Niparko, Darrell J Gaskin, and Kimberly L Levinson.
• Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. erudnic2@jhmi.edu
• Laryngoscope. 2011 Apr 1; 121 (4): 860-6.

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate disparities in socioeconomic status and healthcare utilization in hearing-impaired children using a nationally representative sample.Study DesignCross-sectional analysis of stacked data from the 1997 to 2003 National Health Interview Survey, a voluntary U.S. household survey of the National Center for Health Statistics.MethodsChildren were grouped according to three levels of hearing ability based on parental response to perceived hearing status. χ(2) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) models tested the association of individual sociodemographic variables with hearing status. Multivariate regression analyses examined the association of hearing impairment with family income, poverty status, and utilization of routine and specialty health services.ResultsThe total sample consisted of 76,012 children, of whom 2.6% had some hearing loss and 0.43% had marked hearing loss. Families of hearing-impaired children were more likely to report poorer health status, have Medicaid, live in single-mother households, and live below the poverty level (P < .01). After adjusting for confounders, children with mild and marked hearing impairment were less likely to afford prescription medications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.48 [mild]; OR = 2.72, 95% CI, 1.73-4.29 [marked]) and less likely to have access to mental health services (OR = 3.26, 95% CI, 2.41-4.69 [mild]; OR = 2.62, 95% CI, 1.34-5.12 [marked]) or dental services (OR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.36-2.02 [mild]; OR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.09-2.41 [marked]). No difference was identified for access to routine/sick health services.ConclusionsCompared with families of children without hearing loss, families of hearing-impaired children live closer to the poverty level and utilize some medical services with less frequency. Further identification of causal relationships between familial socioeconomic status and childhood hearing loss may help direct policy initiatives designed to mitigate healthcare disparities and improve access to services for hearing-impaired children.Copyright © 2011 The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc.

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