• Yoshie Omachi, Kimiteru Ito, Kunimasa Arima, Hiroshi Matsuda, Yasuhiro Nakata, Masuhiro Sakata, Noriko Sato, Kazuyuki Nakagome, and Nobutaka Motohashi.
• Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
• Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2015 Dec 1; 69 (12): 741-51.

AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of addition of [(11)C]Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography ((11)C-PiB PET) on routine clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to assess diagnostic agreement between clinical criteria and research criteria of the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association.MethodsThe diagnosis in 85 patients was made according to clinical criteria. Imaging examinations, including both magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography to identify neuronal injury (NI), and (11)C-PiB PET to identify amyloid were performed, and all subjects were re-categorized according to the research criteria.ResultsAmong 40 patients with probable AD dementia (ProAD), 37 were NI-positive, 29 were (11)C-PiB-positive, and 27 who were both NI- and (11C-PiB-positive were categorized as having 'ProAD dementia with a high level of evidence of the AD pathophysiological process'. Among 20 patients with possible AD dementia (PosAD), 17 were NI-positive, and six who were both NI- and (11)C-PiB-positive were categorized as having 'PosAD with evidence of the AD pathophysiological process'. Among 25 patients with MCI, 18 were NI-positive, 13 were (11)C-PiB-positive, and 10 who were both NI- and (11)C-PiB-positive were categorized as having 'MCI due to AD-high likelihood'.ConclusionsDiagnostic concordance between clinical criteria and research criteria may not be high in this study. (11)C-PiB PET may be of value in making the diagnosis of dementia and MCI in cases with high diagnostic uncertainty.© 2015 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2015 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.

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