• Francesco Langella, Steffan Wittrup McPhee Christensen, Thorvaldur Skuli Palsson, Morten Høgh, Nicolo Gagni, Pablo Bellosta-López, David Høyrup Christiansen, Mauro Delle Chiaie, Victor Domenéch-García, Venerina Johnston, Szeto Grace P Y GPY School of Medical & Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR, China., Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Pablo Herrero, and Pedro Berjano.
• IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy francesco.langella.md@gmail.com.
• BMJ Open. 2021 Apr 12; 11 (4): e043800.

ObjectiveThis study aims to define appropriate domains and items for the development of a self-administered questionnaire to assess the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) and the risk of its progression to chronicity.DesignLiterature review and survey study.Setting And ParticipantsA literature review and a two-round interview with 15 experts in musculoskeletal pain were performed to identify the available domains for WMSD assessment.Interventions And OutcomeTo ensure quality, only validated questionnaires were included for the Delphi process. A three-round Delphi method, with three round steps, was used to select the most pertinent and relevant domains and items.ResultsNine questionnaires were identified through the expert discussion and literature review, comprising 38 candidate domains and 504 items. In the first round of the Delphi group, 17 domains reached more than 70% agreement and were selected. In the second round, 10 domains were rejected, while 11 were selected to complete the pool of domains. In the third and final round, 89 items belonging to 28 domains were defined as significant to develop a WMSDs risk assessment questionnaire.ConclusionsNo specific risk assessment questionnaires for WMSDs were identified from the literature. WMSD risk of presence and chronicity can be defined by an assessment tool based on the biopsychosocial model and the fear-avoidance components of chronic pain. The present study provides the formulation and operationalisation of the constructs in domains and items needed for developing and validating the questionnaire.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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