• Mi Seon Han, Eun Hwa Choi, Sung Hee Chang, Byoung-Lo Jin, Eun Joo Lee, Baek Nam Kim, Min Kyoung Kim, Kihyun Doo, Ju-Hee Seo, Yae-Jean Kim, Yeo Jin Kim, Ji Young Park, Sun Bok Suh, Hyunju Lee, Eun Young Cho, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Min Kim, Hye Young Kim, Su Eun Park, Joon Kee Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Seung-Man Cho, Jae Hong Choi, Kyo Jin Jo, Young June Choe, Ki Hwan Kim, and Jong-Hyun Kim.
• Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
• JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Jan 1; 175 (1): 73-80.

ImportanceThere is limited information describing the full spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection in children.ObjectiveTo analyze the full clinical course and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detectability in children confirmed with COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea, where rigorous public health interventions have been implemented.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsThis case series of children with COVID-19 was conducted in 20 hospitals and 2 nonhospital isolation facilities across the country from February 18, 2020, to March 31, 2020. Children younger than 19 years who had COVID-19 were included.ExposuresConfirmed COVID-19, detected via SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab or sputum by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Main Outcomes And MeasuresClinical manifestations during the observation period, including the time and duration of symptom occurrence. The duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was also analyzed.ResultsA total of 91 children with COVID-19 were included (median [range] age, 11 [0-18] years; 53 boys [58%]). Twenty children (22%) were asymptomatic during the entire observation period. Among 71 symptomatic cases, 47 children (66%) had unrecognized symptoms before diagnosis, 18 (25%) developed symptoms after diagnosis, and only 6 (9%) were diagnosed at the time of symptom onset. Twenty-two children (24%) had lower respiratory tract infections. The mean (SD) duration of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory samples was 17.6 (6.7) days. Virus RNA was detected for a mean (SD) of 14.1 (7.7) days in asymptomatic individuals. There was no difference in the duration of virus RNA detection between children with upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections (mean [SD], 18.7 [5.8] days vs 19.9 [5.6] days; P = .54). Fourteen children (15%) were treated with lopinavir-ritonavir and/or hydroxychloroquine. All recovered, without any fatal cases.Conclusions And RelevanceIn this case series study, inapparent infections in children may have been associated with silent COVID-19 transmission in the community. Heightened surveillance using laboratory screening will allow detection in children with unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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