-
- Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, Alon Eisen, Yaron Shapira, Daniel Monakier, Zaza Iakobishvili, Shmuel Schwartzenberg, Aryeh Abelow, Hadass Ofek, Shirit Kazum, Binyamin Ben-Avraham, Ashraf Hamdan, Tamir Bental, Alik Sagie, Ran Kornowski, and Mordehay Vaturi.
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: osnat.itzhaki@gmail.com.
- Am. J. Cardiol. 2020 Oct 15; 133: 126-133.
AbstractSince the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is often delayed, echocardiographic findings are frequently indicative of advanced cardiomyopathy. We aimed to describe early echocardiographic features in patients subsequently diagnosed with CA. Preamyloid diagnosis echocardiographic studies were screened for structural and functional parameters and stratified according to the pathogenetic subtype (immunoglobulin light-chain [AL] or amyloid transthyretin [ATTR]). Abnormalities were defined based on published guidelines. Our cohort included 75 CA patients of whom 42 (56%) were diagnosed with AL and 33 (44%) with ATTR. Forty-two patients had an earlier echocardiography exam available for review. Patients presented with increased wall thickness (1.3 [interquartile range {IQR} 1.0, 1.5] cm) ≥3 years before the diagnosis of CA and relative wall thickness was increased (0.47 [IQR 0.41, 0.50]) ≥7 years prediagnosis. One to 3 years before CA diagnosis restrictive left ventricular (LV) filling pattern was present in 19% of patients and LV ejection fraction ≤50% was present in 21% of patients. Right ventricular dysfunction was detected concomitantly with disease diagnosis. The echocardiographic phenotype of ATTR versus AL-CA showed increased relative wall thickness (0.74 [IQR 0.62, 0.92] versus 0.62 [IQR 0.54, 0.76], p = 0.004) and LV mass index (144 [IQR 129, 191] versus 115 [IQR 105, 146] g/m2, p = 0.020) and reduced LV ejection fraction (50 [IQR 44, 58] versus (60 [IQR 53, 60]%, p = 0.009) throughout the time course of CA progression, albeit survival time was similar. In conclusion, increased wall thickness and diastolic dysfunction in CA develop over a time course of several years and can be diagnosed in their earlier stages by standard echocardiography.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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