• Clin. Infect. Dis. · Feb 2014

    Invasive pneumococcal disease, comorbidities, and polysaccharide vaccine use in children aged 5-15 years in England and Wales.

    • Shamez N Ladhani, Nick J Andrews, Pauline Waight, Ray Borrow, Mary P E Slack, and Elizabeth Miller.
    • Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London.
    • Clin. Infect. Dis. 2014 Feb 1; 58 (4): 517-25.

    BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended in addition to routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for at-risk children aged ≥2 years. This study describes the epidemiology, serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, vaccination status, and reasons for nonvaccination in children aged 5-15 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).MethodsPublic Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of IPD in England and Wales. In 2012, general practitioners (GPs) were contacted to complete a questionnaire for children aged 5-15 years with laboratory-confirmed IPD diagnosed during 2 epidemiological years, July 2009-June 2011.ResultsDuring 2009-2011, 447 IPD episodes occurred in 439 children (incidence, 2.2/100 000), and GPs of 423 of the 439 (96.4%) children completed the questionnaire. Comorbidity was reported in 124 (29.3%); a third each were immunocompromised or had chronic respiratory disease or other comorbidities. Pneumonia was the most common presentation (332/439 [75.6%]), and IPD-related case fatality was 1.8% (8/439). Only 26.6% (33/124) of children with comorbidities had received PPV23, and development of PPV23-type IPD was not associated with prior PPV23 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], .36-3.32; P = .88), even when analysis was restricted to the extra 11 PPV23 serotypes not contained in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, .30-9.76; P = .55). GPs of eligible but unvaccinated cases with comorbidities were mostly unaware that the child required PPV23 and/or expected pediatricians to inform them to administer the vaccine.ConclusionsOnly a quarter of children with comorbidities who developed IPD had received PPV23 prior to infection. Among PPV23-vaccinated children with comorbidities, however, there was no evidence of protection against PPV23 serotypes.

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