• Linghui Dai, Zhenming He, Xin Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, Lan Yuan, Ming Qiang, Jingxian Zhu, Zhenxing Shao, Chunyan Zhou, and Yingfang Ao.
• Yingfang Ao, Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China. Yingfang.ao@vip.sina.com, Yingfang.ao@gmail.com and Chunyan Zhou, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China (e-mail: chunyanzhou@bjmu.edu.cn).
• Am J Sports Med. 2014 Mar 1; 42 (3): 583-91.

BackgroundCartilage repair still presents a challenge to clinicians and researchers alike. A more effective, simpler procedure that can produce hyaline-like cartilage is needed for articular cartilage repair.HypothesisA technique combining microfracture with a biomaterial scaffold of perforated decalcified cortical-cancellous bone matrix (DCCBM; composed of cortical and cancellous parts) would create a 1-step procedure for hyaline-like cartilage repair.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsFor the in vitro portion of this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from bone marrow aspirates of New Zealand White rabbits. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy, and 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay were used to assess the attachment, proliferation, and cartilage matrix production of MSCs grown on a DCCBM scaffold. For the in vivo experiment, full-thickness defects were produced in the articular cartilage of the trochlear groove of 45 New Zealand White rabbits, and the rabbits were then assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: perforated DCCBM combined with microfracture (DCCBM+M group), perforated DCCBM alone (DCCBM group), and microfracture alone (M group). Five rabbits in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12, or 24 weeks after the operation, and the repair tissues were analyzed by histological examination, assessment of matrix staining, SEM, and nanoindentation of biomechanical properties.ResultsThe DCCBM+M group showed hyaline-like articular cartilage repair, and the repair tissues appeared to have better matrix staining and revealed biomechanical properties close to those of the normal cartilage. Compared with the DCCBM+M group, there was unsatisfactory repair tissues with less matrix staining in the DCCBM group and no matrix staining in the M group, as well as poor integration with normal cartilage and poor biomechanical properties.ConclusionThe DCCBM scaffold is suitable for MSC growth and hyaline-like cartilage repair induction when combined with microfracture.Clinical RelevanceMicrofracture combined with a DCCBM scaffold is a promising method that can be performed and adopted into clinical treatment for articular cartilage injuries.

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